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Normal values and composition of blood
Reference values in normal adults
| Men | Women | |
| Hemoglobin | 14-17 g/dL | 12-15 g/dL |
| RBC Count | 4.5-5.9 x 106/cmm | 4.5-5.1 x 106/cmm |
| PCV/HCt | 41-50% | 36-45% |
| MCV | 80-96fl | 80-96fl |
| MCH | 27.5-33.2pg | 27.5-33.2pg |
| MCHC | 33.4-35.5g/dL | 33.4-35.5g/dL |
| RDW- CV | 11.6-14% | 11.6-14% |
| Total WBC count | 4,400- 11,300/cmm | 4,400- 11,300/cmm |
| Absolute neutrophil count | 2,000- 7000/cmm | 2,000- 7000/cmm |
| Absolute lymphocyte count | 1,000-3,000/cmm | 1,000-3,000/cmm |
| Absolute eosinophil count | 50-500/cmm | 50-500/cmm |
| Platelet count | 1,50,000- 4,50,000/cmm | 1,50,000- 4,50,000/cmm |
| MPV | 8-12fl | 8-12fl |
| Reticulocyte percentage | 0.5-2.5% | 0.5-2.5% |
| Abs Retic Count | 22,500-1,47,500/cmm | 22,500-1,47,500/cmm |
| ESR | 0-15 mm/hr | 0-20 mm/hr |
Normal values in childhood
| Neonate (Cord blood) | 1-7 days | 2weeks to 3 months | 3- 6 months | 6-12 month | 2-6 years | 6-12 years | 12-18 years | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 14-22 | 15-21 | 11.5-16.5 | 11.1-14.1 | 11.1-14.1 | 11-14 | 11.5-15.5 | 12-16 |
| MCV (fL) | 100-120 | 92-118 | 92-116 | 68-84 | 68-84 | 75-87 | 77-95 | 78-100 |
| TLC (x103/cmm) | 10-26 | 7-23 | 5-19 | 6-18 | 6-16 | 5-15 | 5-13 | 4.5-13 |
| ANC (x103/cmm) | 4-14 | 3-5 | 3-9 | 1-6 | 1-7 | 1.5-8 | 2-8 | 1.8-8 |
| ALC (x103/cmm) | 3-8 | 2-8 | 3-16 | 4-12 | 3.5-11 | 6-9 | 1-5 | 1.2-5.2 |
| AEC (x103/cmm) | 0.1-1 | 0.1-2 | 0.2-1 | 0.1-1 | 0.1-1 | 0.1-1 | 0.1-1 | 0.1-1 |
| Platelet count (Lac/cmm) | 1.5-4.5 | 2.1-5 | - | 2-5.5 | 2-5.5 | 2-4.5 | 1.8-4 | 1.5-4 |
Normal BM aspiration differential count in adults:
- Myeloblasts- 0.2-1.5%
- Promyelocyte- 2.1-4.1%
- Myelocyte- 8.2-15.7%
- Metamyelocyte- 9.6-24.6%
- Band form- 9.5-15.3%
- Polymorphs- 6-12%
- Eosinophils and precursors- 1.2-5.3%
- Basophils- 0-0.2%
- Erythroids- 18.4-33.8%
- Lymphocytes- 11.1-23.2%
- Plasma cells- 0.4-3.9%
Composition of blood:
- Total volume- 6 liters (70ml/Kg)
- Accounts for 7-8% of body weight.
- Cellular elements
- Erythrocytes- 44%
- Leucocytes, platelets- 1%
- Plasma- 55%. Contents of plasma include
- Water
- Ions- Ca, Na, K, Cl, Mg
- Proteins- Albumin, carrier proteins, immunoglobulins, coagulation proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
- Hormones
- Vitamins
- Enzymes
Figure 1.6.1- Normal blood smear
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