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Anemias due to Blood Loss
Anemia due to Acute Blood Loss
Etiology
- Trauma
- Post partum hemorrhage
- Severe GI bleeding – Ex – Rupture of esophageal varices.
- Ruptured aortic aneurysm
Clinical features:
- Up to 1000ml (20%) – No symptoms at rest
- 5000 - 2000ml (30 - 40 %) – collapse, and shock
- 2500 ml (>50%) – Imminent death
Bleeding in upper thigh and or retroperitoneum can be significant, may not be clinically obvious
Treatment
- Replacement of lost blood with PRBCs, FFP and platelets (Refer “Massive bleeding protocol” in “transfusion therapy” chapter of “Emergencies and supportive care” section.
- Treatment of cause
Anemia due to Chronic Blood Loss
Etiology
- Hook worm infestation
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Hemorrhoids
- Menorrhagia
- Lasthenie de Ferjol syndrome: Factitious bleeding, secondary to secretly drawing of blood by patient himself.
Most of them finally lead to iron deficiency anemia
Factors affecting development of anemia in chronic blood loss
- Rate of onset of blood loss.
- Severity of blood loss
- Ability of body to adapt to decreases in hemoglobin concentration
Treatment
- Treatment of cause
- Iron replacement
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