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Antibiotics
- All cause mild headache, dizziness, allergy, candidiasis, anorexia, nausea, antibiotics associated colitis
- Most of them are contra-indicated in pregnancy (Check)
- Most of IV are reconstituted with given vial of NS/D5%- Dissolved in 100ml NS and infused over 1hr.
- Give test dose before all IV antibiotics
Name | Dose (Adults) | Dose (Paediatric) | Available as | Precautions |
| Cotrimoxazole | 160 + 800mg (Bactrim DS)- PO Prophylaxis- BD- for 2 days a week Therapy- (80+400)- TDS | 3mg/kg- BD (Trimethoprim) | Tab. (20+100)mg Syp. (40 + 200) mg/ 5ml | Renal correction, Contraindicated- <2month child, Avoid with CSA, Leucovorin and methotrexate W/F- Leukopenia and hepatitis |
| Levofloxacin | 500mg- OD- PO. | Can be taken regardless of food, renal correction, >60years with steroids- Risk of tendon rupture Avoid in known case of myasthenia Do not use in children | ||
| Ciprofloxacin | 500mg BD- PO. IV- 400mg BD | Renal correction, Do not use in children, >60years with steroids- Risk of tendon rupture | ||
| Ofloxacin+ Ornidazole | 400mg BD- PO. | 7.5mg/kg- BD (Oflox) | Syp. 100mg/5ml | |
| Penicillin G | 400mg- BD-PO. | Renal correction, Contraindicated with tetracycline and mycophenolate, W/F- Seizures and interstitial nephritis | ||
| Amoxycillin | 500mg BD- PO. | Renal correction, Contraindicated with tetracycline and mycophenolate, W/F Vaginal candidiasis, haemolytic anaemia, diarrhoea | ||
| Amoxyclav | 625mg- BD- PO. | 15mg/kg- BD (Amox base) | Tab. 375, 625mg Syp. 200+28.5mg/5ml | Renal correction, Contraindicated with tetracycline and mycophenolate, W/F Vaginal candidiasis, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhoea |
| Piperacillin+ Tazobactam | 4.5gm- QID- IV. | 100mg/kg- TID | Renal correction, contraindicated with tetracycline, W/F- Hypokalaemia, antiplatelet effect, diarrhoea | |
| Cefuroxime | 500mg- BD- PO. | Renal correction, W/F- Diarrhoea, fungal/ bacterial superinfection | ||
| Cefixime | 4mg/kg- BD | Tab. 50, 100, 200mg Syp. 50, 100mg/5ml | W/F Diarrhoea | |
| Cefadroxil | 15mg/kg- BD | Tab. 125, 250, 500mg Syp. 125, 250mg/5ml | W/F Diarrhoea | |
| Cefotaxime | 2gm- TDS- IV. | W/F Fever, rash, pruritis, diarrhoea | ||
| Cefaperazone +Sulbactum | 3gm- BD- IV. | 40mg/kg- BD | Renal correction, hepatic correction, W/F- Rash, Vitamin K deficiency, cytopenia, can be used in pregnancy and lactation | |
| Imipenem + Cilastatin | 1gm- QID- IV. | Renal correction, Avoid with Ganciclovir, valproate, W/F Seizures in children | ||
| Meropenem | 1gm TDS- IV | 20mg/kg- TID | Renal correction, W/F Diarrhoea | |
| Amikacin | 500-750mg- OD- IV | 15mg/kg- OD | Renal correction, avoid with amphotericin, colistin, furosemide, CSA W/F- Ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, Neuromuscular blockade | |
| Doxycycline | 100mg- BD- PO. | To be taken along with food, No dairy products Contraindicated <8yrs, Avoid with Iron and calcium salts, Penicillin group of antibiotics Causes photosensitivity | ||
| Tigecycline | 100mg Stat, then 50mg BD-IV. | Avoid in hepatic impairment, safe in renal impairment | ||
| Azithromycin | 500mg- OD- PO. | 10mg/kg- OD | Tab. 100, 250, 500mg Syp. 100, 200mg/5ml | to be taken 1hr before or 2 hr after food, avoid with digoxin, amiodarone, low mol weight heparin, W/F diarrhoea, vaginitis, prolonged QTc, Creatclearance<10 Contraindicated in hepatic impairment |
| Clindamycin | 300mg- TDS- PO/IV | W/F Diarrhoea/ Rashes | ||
| Teicoplanin | 400mg BD for 3 doses then OD- IV | 10mg/kg- BD x 3 doses, then OD | Renal correction, hepatic correction, W/F Rash (red man syndrome)e, Ototoxicity, cytopenia, nephrotoxicity | |
| Vancomycin | 15mg/kg-BD-IV | |||
| Linezolid | 600mg- BD- IV/PO | W/F Thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, seizures, hypoglycemia Contraindicated in uncontrolled hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, with SSRI/MAO inhibitors | ||
| Colistin | 8 million units stat then 4 million units BD- IV | Renal correction, Avoid with amphotericin B, W/F neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | 100mg QID. PO | Long term use can lead to pulmonary toxicity, avoid in elderly as it causes renal failure, causes brown discoloration of urine, No effect if urine is alkalinised | ||
| Metronidazole | 400mg- TID- IV 500mg- TID- PO | 10mg/kg- TID | Tab. 200, 400mg Susp. 200mg/5ml | Contraindicated with warf, W/F Diarrhea, candidasis, needs hepatic correction, Avoid with alcohol |
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